Gray Ryadovka, as well as its other edible relatives, has a lot of useful properties and is quite widely used in cooking, traditional medicine, and pharmacology. However, when used independently, in order to avoid dangerous consequences, it is important to collect and cook these mushrooms correctly.
Mushroom description
Ryadovka gray belongs to lamellar mushrooms of the Ryadovkov family. It has other names - a sub-basis, a sandbox gray, a row of streaks, a mouse. Outwardly, it does not look much like an edible mushroom, however, it has a pleasant smell and taste. Yes, and collecting it is not difficult - because it grows in whole groups.
This mushroom grows quite large and fleshy. The hat is smooth and rounded with a small protruding dome in diameter of 3 to 20 cm. In the adult state, it becomes flat, and its edges are bent up. The gray color of the head can have a variety of shades - greenish, olive and purple, in the center it is more saturated. Under it are plates covered with hymenia - a layer of spores that multiplies the fungus.
The thick cylindrical leg of white color is quite high - up to 10 cm. As a rule, in young mushrooms it is dense, and in old mushrooms it becomes hollow. The flesh of white or grayish color may slightly yellow on the cut.
Ryadovka has a rich chemical composition that encompasses a storehouse of nutrients, and this with minimal calorie content. In general, these mushrooms can be considered a dietary dish, since 100 g of the product contains only 22 kcal. More than 90% of the body of the fungus consists of water, carbohydrates make up 3.26%, and proteins - 3.9%, other components: fats, ash and fiber - about 2%.
As part of the row:
- the main minerals necessary for man - magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese, zinc, copper, iron and selenium;
- vitamins A, C, K, PP, D2 and D7, betaine, group B.
This spore organism also contains glucose, natural steroids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, important amino acids.
Different types of fungus can be edible, conditionally edible and poisonous. Unfortunately, most of these representatives of spore organisms taste bitter and have a repulsive odor.
Dangerous qualities of rowing
In addition to its positive properties, the gray rowovka, well known by the mushroom picker, has harmful qualities:
- the fungus can accumulate toxic substances, heavy metals, if collected in areas with polluted air and soil, overripe specimens that are not worth collecting are especially harmful;
- such a product is difficult to digest and assimilate, can cause fermentation and rotting in the digestive organs;
- overeating it leads to an increased accumulation of gases, pain in the stomach, a feeling of heaviness.
In addition, the mushroom is contraindicated in people with the following diseases:
- gastritis of the stomach;
- inflammatory processes and dyskinesia of the gallbladder (impaired motility);
- pancreas inflammation;
- other acute and chronic diseases of the digestive system.
Venomous ranks can cause real intoxication, accompanied by symptoms such as:
- weakness, pallor of the skin, heart palpitations;
- nausea and bouts of vomiting;
- bowel disorder;
- headaches and dizziness.
Gathering a row, young mushrooms are selected and only hats are taken from them, but even so, violating the processing technology of the product, you can encounter poisoning.
Where and when do they grow?
In total, there are about one hundred types of rowing and almost half of them grow in our country, including gray rowing. The favorite habitat of mushrooms is calcareous and sandy soils with the presence of moss, they prefer a temperate climate, which is not characterized by intense heat and cold, therefore it can be found everywhere in the Northern and, partially, in the Southern Hemisphere. Most often, the body forms a symbiotic relationship with coniferous trees, especially pine, fir and spruce, but also leaves deciduous trees such as birch, oak and beech.
Gray rowers appear in the spring, but mainly fruiting begins in late summer and continues until the first cold weather in November. The accumulation of mushrooms, less often individual specimens can be seen not only in forests and undergrowths, but also next to the human environment, in parks and gardens.
A feature of mushroom mycelium is the growth of whole colonies, so the mushroom has such a name. True, sometimes, it does not grow in rows, but in characteristic circles.
Varieties
In addition to gray rowing, this family has other varieties. It is important to be able to correctly distinguish them from each other, so as not to accidentally rip off a poisonous specimen, confusing it with a sub-base.
Representatives of the Ryadovkov family can be divided into edible and inedible species.
Edible
Eatable mushrooms include:
1 Purple (purple) rowing
This is an edible organism with a hat reaching 12-15 cm in diameter of a gray-violet hue. It occurs in autumn in coniferous and mixed undergrowths and at the edges. The mushrooms have a dense flesh, wide plates, the leg has a thickness of about 2 cm and a height of up to 8 cm. Its peculiarity is a sweet floral aroma.
2 Yellow row
This is a rare small mushroom that has a yellow hat with an olive tint with a dark tubercle in the middle and frequent plates of the same color. Mushroom pickers also call her beautiful. The leg of the mushroom is only 1 cm high, covered with tiny brownish scales on top, at the cut it is hollow, and its flesh is brown. The hat with a break is yellow. Despite the bitter taste, this mushroom is edible; its smell resembles the aroma of wood.
3 Mongolian outfit
Outwardly resembles a boletus, if not for the presence of plates. Young mushrooms are egg-shaped and have a white color. Over time, the shape of the head changes to a hemisphere and becomes dull with a dirty coating. Its diameter ranges from 6 to 20 cm, and the leg can grow up to 10 cm. In such a row, the fracture has a white, smelling flesh-like real mushroom. It occurs in Central Asia, grows in the steppe grass. This species is considered a valuable drug.
May Day Ryadovka (St. George mushroom)
This is a small edible fungus with a hat size of 4-6 cm and a leg up to 9 cm high. The head of light beige color whitens over time, and turns yellow in overripe individuals. She has frequent plates, which also change in color from white to yellow with age. The mushroom pulp is white, fleshy, has a floury smell. May species grows throughout Russia.
5Crowded rowing (group)
These mushrooms are infrequent and can affect an abundance of different forms in one joint. Basically, mushroom caps are rounded, concave or open with a diameter of 4-12 cm. The peel on the heads is scaly and smooth, their color is gray, purple, brown. The legs are tuberous, straight with a thickening in the lower part, they are 3-8 cm high. The groups of these mushrooms can be difficult to separate - they grow together so much.
Inedible
Unsuitable or poisonous representatives are:
1White rowing
The mushroom has a gray-white dry hat measuring 6-10 cm in size, eventually becoming covered with yellow spots. The leg of the same color is yellow-brown at the base, it can reach a height of 10 cm. Literally immediately it repels the unpleasant smell coming from this false champignon, which is found even in the city.
Read more about the white row on the pages of our site.
2 Leopard (tiger) rowing
A dirty white hat with a diameter of 4-12 cm with darker gray flakes can have a bluish and greenish tint. The leg grows up to 15 cm, looks like a mace. The flesh is gray with a rather pleasant smell. This mushroom grows individually and in groups at the edges of forests. It is extremely dangerous because it causes severe intoxication within 15 minutes after consumption.
3 Pointed, mouse row
The poisonous mushroom has a small cap size (3-5 cm) in the form of an open bell and a long thin leg up to 15 cm in height. The color of the head is dark gray, the leg can be pinkish or yellow-white. The plates are frequent, in overripe rows with yellow spots. The spore organism has almost no smell, but its pulp has a burning, pungent taste.
Mouse mushroom is very similar to an edible gray row. It can also be confused with a soap tricholoma, which is distinguished by the specific smell of laundry soap.
In general, poisonous mushrooms can be recognized by a thin stalk, gray plates, specific tubercles on the hat. It is impossible to rely on edibility by smell - even pleasantly smelling mushrooms can be toxic.
Why is mushroom valuable when harvesting or growing?
The presence of biologically active substances in the fungus makes it unique. Due to the presence of natural antioxidants, immunostimulants, antibacterial substances such as clitocin and fomecin, ryadovka has long been used in folk medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Not only drugs, but also the usual use of food, can have a beneficial effect on the human body.
Mushrooms are used in many biological supplements and some drugs for diabetes.
Different representatives of the rowing family have their own characteristic useful properties that can be successfully applied. The gray species dissolves the deposits of cholesterol on the vascular walls, yellow (terracotta) - prevents fungal infections that affect the nails, hair and epidermis of a person with the penetration of dermatophytes. If the body lacks vitamins A and D, then their orange source may be their source.
From this we can conclude that it is advantageous to collect rowers and even more so grow them for further sale.
Application and storage
You can cook, fry, salt and pickle the gray row. Drying of mushrooms is also allowed, followed by cooking.
Freshly picked mushrooms are stored in the refrigerator for no more than three days, but they can be frozen and then they will retain their useful properties for 5-6 months. Dried and canned row can be used throughout the year.
Self-cultivation of rowers
In connection with many useful properties of the fungus, many are ready to do its cultivation themselves. There are two main ways to do this:
You can grow a mushroom on your site
To do this, you need to choose a shaded place, you can put it in bags, boxes, on beds. The fruiting of rowing spores begins at an air temperature below 15 aboutWith heat, while the mycelium loves soil warmed up to 20 aboutC. You can harvest in the fall, spring and winter.
After landing in the ground, the substrate must be covered, thus, an optimal humid climate will be created. When the mycelium begins to grow, it is covered with moist soil or a special mixture (as for champignons) with a layer of 5 cm on top. After 20 days, as a rule, young mushrooms appear and the coating is removed. If the ground is dry, moist soil should be added regularly.
In autumn, with cold weather below 5 aboutThe substrate is covered with canvas, and straw or foliage is poured on it with a layer of 10 cm. Mushrooms are collected by twisting from the ground with a horizontally located hat.
Cultivation can be carried out in the basement, in the attic and other rooms.
The main condition is a suitable temperature in the bags or drawers, but for this it is necessary that the room is well lit, and fresh air should be accessible to the mycelium, otherwise the mushrooms will be short in size, have a small hat and a thin leg.
Knowing the features, properties and appearance of the rowing, you can grow it or periodically collect it, and prepare not only healthy and tasty, dietary dishes, but also treat some diseases. But to use the positive properties of this representative of the mushroom kingdom you need to correctly and carefully.