Plum Greenclod - a group of varieties belonging to the species Plum home. The main distinguishing feature of all greenhouses is the taste of the fruit, which has become the reason for their popularity. The fruits of Greengage, having a pleasant dessert taste and appearance, are in constant demand among consumers.
Origin of Greengage
Greengage, like other plums, is a product of natural selection of blackthorn and cherry plum. This is an old variety, known to Western European gardeners from the 16th century. France is considered the homeland of greenhouses. The name comes from the name of Queen Claudine (Claude). The literal translation of Reine Claude (French) is Queen Claude.
There is an assumption that the greengage, one of the most ancient varieties, gave rise to all greenbacks. But it is not established for certain.
Type Description
Common signs of all greenbacks:
- Wood. They reach a height of 5-7 m. The crowns are round, spherical. The branches are reddish-brown at first, and gray as they mature. Leaves are slightly fleecy, veined.
- Fruit. The form is spherical or ovoid. Diameter - up to 4-5 cm. Taste - sweet, dessert. Under the thin skin - tender, juicy, “marmalade” pulp. On the skin there is a thin wax coating, erased from a light touch. Rough to the touch. Weight - from 10 to 50 g, depending on the variety. There are varieties of different colors - light green, yellow, burgundy, blue, dark purple and other shades.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of plum greengage:
- Excellent palatability and visual appeal of the fruit.
- Good agrotechnical characteristics - frost resistance, immunity, drought resistance.
- High yield.
- High early maturity - trees bear fruit in the 3-4th year after planting.
- Undemanding to the composition of the soil.
- Resistance to fungal infection.
- Universal purpose of the fruit.
- A variety of flavors and quality characteristics of fruits - there are varieties of sweet, sour, juicy, fragrant, with super tender flesh and others.
Disadvantages:
- Most varieties are self-fertile - for trees to bear fruit, they need additional pollinating varieties.
- Fruiting may be interrupted, but there is no strict periodicity.
- The dependence of productivity on external conditions - weather, top dressing, etc.
- Tendency to rotting roots with high humidity.
- Vulnerability to drafts.
- Not all varieties have high frost resistance - many freeze at minus 30 degrees.
- When ripe, plums fall off and deteriorate - it is important to take the crop on time.
- If the weather is damp or drought is on the contrary, the fruits grow small.
- To keep the size of the tree in a given framework, you have to regularly trim it.
- Branches are fragile - easily break off due to the severity of the fruit, under the yoke of snow, under the influence of the wind.
Regions of growth
The group of varieties belonging to the Greengage is widespread in regions with very different climates. They are found in sunny Greece, Italy, Spain, they grow in central Russia, and frost-resistant varieties - in Siberia and the Urals. Although Greenclod is thermophilic, our gardeners actively grow it - dozens of varieties of this group are zoned in Russia.
The climate of the south of Russia is most suitable for greenhouses - varieties of this group are most often found here. Greengage is not recommended to be grown in areas with winter temperatures below minus 25 degrees.
What are the varieties of greengage?
The Greenclod group includes dozens of varieties that differ in the appearance of the tree and fruits, agricultural characteristics. Among the greengage there are varieties with different ripening dates.
When choosing Greenclod, they take into account not only the taste, color and size of the fruit, but also the ability of the variety to grow and bear fruit in specific climatic conditions. Let's look at a few popular greenbacks.
Presidential
This late-ripening variety is partially self-pollinated, which means it needs pollinating varieties. Ripening in mid-September. Fruits very early - in the third year after planting a seedling. The trees are medium-sized, fast-growing. Height - up to 4 m. Winter hardiness is sufficient for cultivation in the middle lane. Productivity is gradually increasing - from 15 to 45 kg of plum from one tree. As pollinators, varieties are welcome - Vengerka and Edinburgh plum.
Fruits are rounded oval, slightly flattened. Weight - 55-60 g. There is a thick coating of wax. On the palate is sweet and sour. The pulp is thick, yellow-carrot color. The bone is oval, easily separable from the pulp. The peel is dense, even coarse - the fruits are transported without problems over long distances. Plums retain their shape well after canning.
Also among the advantages of the “Presidential” are winter hardiness, early maturity, regular fruiting and good transport tolerance. Cons - exposure to many diseases, vulnerability to pests. If the summer is cool and wet, there is a risk that the fruits do not have time to ripen.
Green
This old variety is considered the ancestor of all other greenbacks. This is a recognized reference in French breeding. The trees are tall, up to 6-7 m in height. The crown grows in width to 6-7 m. The trunk bends repeatedly during the growth. The final ripening is in August. The variety is self-fertile - it needs pollinators, for example, the greenhouse Altana, Vengerka, Victoria and others. Productivity is high - 30-50 kg per tree.
Fruits in appearance are not particularly beautiful, but very sweet and juicy. Weight - 20-35 g. The shape is spherical, slightly flattened. Coloring - greenish-yellow, on a thin peel - a lot of dots. The pulp is juicy, sweet, in appearance - translucent.
The variety is unpretentious - grows on almost any soil. But the increased humidity does not tolerate - it can get rot. Immunity - medium. He loves spaciousness and good lighting. It can be propagated by seeds - the tree retains all varietal characteristics. Also, the variety can be propagated by shoots and root cuttings.
Many summer residents do not know that in their plots there is an old variety Greenclod green - they call it "green plum".
Tambovsky
The variety was created by crossing the green and Green early skoropelki red. Trees grow up to 4 m. The crown is spreading. Nearby it is best to plant the collective farm or green reklod, Skorospelka red and other varieties. From one tree, 15-20 kg of fruits are harvested. Ripening is the beginning of September. The first crop is removed on the 4th year after planting a seedling.
The fruits are not particularly large, weigh about 20 g. The shape is oblong. The color is dark purple. A lot of subcutaneous points. On the surface - a thick coating of a bluish tint. The yellow-orange flesh has a sour taste, they have less sweets than acids. The main purpose of the fruit is conservation and winemaking.
The variety is hardy - when compared with other greenhouses. Tolerates frosts to -30 ° C. However, such frost resistance affects flower buds to a greater extent, but shoots freeze out at less frosts. The disadvantage is vulnerability to clastosporiosis.
Tenkovsky
Another name for the variety is Tatar. The tree is stunted - about 3 m. With a neat, spherical, not too thick crown. The first crop is at 4-5 years of age. The fruits ripen by mid-September. Pollinators are recommended - Sineglazka, Eurasia 21, Early Ripening red, Tatar yellow, as well as thorns.
Rounded plums have a purple color, on the skin - a bluish coating. Weight - 15-20 g. The fruits are asymmetric. The pulp is granular and loose, a yellowish tint. The pulp is not juicy, tastes sweet and sour.
Tolerance of frost and drought is average. The risk is rust, klyasterosporiosis, is subjected to invasions of the mucous sawfly. From spring frosts, flower buds often die.
Karbysheva
The variety was bred by Ukrainian breeders. Ripening is the second half of August. The tree is fast-growing, needs regular pruning. From a self-infertile group, the best pollinators are Early Renklod, Hungarian Donetsk.
Fruits on young trees grow large, weighing about 50 g. As the tree ages, plums grow smaller - weigh about 35 g. The shape of the fruit is spherical, the skin is dense, bright scarlet. When the plums ripen, they turn a little purple, with a bluish tinge. The flesh is tan, with a dessert flavor and pleasant aroma. Assessment of tasters - 4.8 points.
Frost resistance is average, withstands frosts up to minus 20 ° С. In more severe frosts, the tree freezes. The disadvantage is poor transportability.
White
The variety ripens in late August. The tree is medium-sized - up to 4.5 m. The variety is early-growing - already in the third year after planting, the first fruits appear. Self-infertile, in need of pollination. Suitable - Greengod Green, Altana, Donetsk Hungarian.
White frosted fruits have excellent taste and clear juice. They have an unusual look due to the light color. The pulp is tender, colorless. Plums weigh 30–40 g; they taste very good.
Frost resistance is high, the variety tolerates long droughts well. It withstands frosts down to minus 30 ° С. From fruits of this color, blanks are obtained of an unpresentable appearance, therefore the variety is often used for fresh consumption.
Yellow
The height of the trees is 5-6 m, they grow very quickly. Crowns are wide, not thickened. Harvest from an adult tree - 20-30 kg, young - 10 kg. As pollinators use Mirny plum, Tula black, Egg blue. Fruiting - on the 4th year after planting.
Fruits are a pleasant yellow color, with a little green. Fruits are almost perfect spherical in shape, they are only slightly flattened laterally. The pulp is very juicy, sweet and sour in taste. Tasting score - 4. Weight - 20-30 g. The skin is covered with a thick waxy coating. The variety is the leader among greenhouses in the content of C-vitamin.
The fruits are transported without any problems. Winter hardiness - the limit for the group of greenhouses - up to minus 25 ° С. Suitable for growing in the suburbs and in the entire middle lane.
Blue
Self-fertile variety with medium frost resistance. The first fruits appear in the 3rd year. The height of the trees is a little more than 3 m. The crowns are oval, sloppy, of medium density, sparse. Harvest from a tree - 30 kg.
The weight of the fruit is 35-40 g or more. The flesh of a lemon color has a slightly sour taste. The skin is violet-blue, there is a bluish coating on the surface. Fruits are ellipsoid, slightly flattened laterally.
Resistance to insects, fungi viruses - high. Cold resistance - up to minus 30 degrees Celsius. Fruits annually, without interruption. It is grown mainly in the south of Russia. Not suitable only for compotes.
De beauvais
Plants are self-fertile, medium-sized, fast-growing, with a sloppy crown. Increased demands on heat and lighting. It ripens in September. Ripening, the fruits do not fall - they remain on the branches for another three weeks. The yield of a 10-year-old tree is 50 kg, and that of a 15-year-old tree is up to 100 kg.
Yellow-green fruits have a dessert flavor. The pulp is sweet, muscat is felt. On the skin, thin and strong, a dense coating of silver color, which is easily erased.
The variety is thermophilic, the area of its cultivation is Crimea, the Caucasus, Krasnodar Territory. To give a good harvest, the variety needs a warm autumn. Fruits tolerate transportation well. The variety is resistant to codling moth. In rainy summers, the fruits burst and rot.
Soviet
The variety was bred in the 80s of the last century. For cultivation in regions with a temperate climate. The first crop is removed on the 4th year after planting. The height of the plants is more than 3 m. The leafiness is moderate, and light easily penetrates the fruits. Ripening is the end of August.
Crops increase gradually - from 15 to 40 kg. The fruits weigh about 40 g. The shape is spherical. Color - ink-purple, on the skin - a bluish-blue waxy coating. Amber-colored flesh, sweet, slightly sour on the palate. Tasting score - 4.8 points.
Frozen fruits become loose, acquire a mealy consistency, but the taste does not change. The variety is universal, you can cook any preparation, except compotes - in them the fruits lose their shape. The main disadvantage of the variety is instability before polystigmosis.
Collective farm
The creator of this variety is I. Michurin. The variety is obtained by cross-pollination of Greengreen Green with hardy. Distributed in the middle lane and southern regions of Russia. Height - up to 3 m, with a flattened crown, spherical in shape, not thickened. Plums ripen in mid-August. Productivity is growing gradually - from 20 to 40 kg. The best pollinators - Eurasia 21, Skorospelka.
Harvest fruits immediately as they ripen, otherwise they will crumble. The fruits are asymmetric, yellow-green in color. Under the skin are grayish dots. Fruit weight - up to 20 g. The pulp is greenish, tender, with a sweet and sour taste. The fruits are universal.
10% of the fruit grows on the shoots of last year, 90% - on young branches. Differs in high frost resistance - maintains frosts to -35 ° C. A frozen tree is restored within two years. Minus - poor resistance to fungal diseases. It happens, gum flows.
Early
An early ripe variety bred by Ukrainian breeders in the 50s of the last century. This variety ripens before other greenbacks. It grows well in the steppe zone. The trees are medium-sized, with rounded crowns. Plant height - 6 m. Ripening - the beginning of August. The first plums ripen even earlier. The best pollinators are Early Donetskaya, Greenclod Karbysheva.
It differs in large fruits, their weight is 40-50 g. The shape is spherical, slightly flattened on the sides. On young trees, the fruits grow even larger. Plums of pale yellow color, the pulp is fragrant, pleasant to the taste. On the skin - slight pubescence and a waxy coating. Tasting score - 4.5 points. The pulp has a pronounced flavor of plums.
The variety is resistant to drought and frost. The fruiting is plentiful, without interruptions. The fruits become small in arid conditions. Minus - the bone is difficult to separate from the pulp. Transportability is good. For sale, plums are harvested a little immature.
Ulena
The variety comes from the south of France. Its origin is not exactly clarified. Presumably, this is Greengage Green, which, having run wild, has adapted to the living conditions. On the territory of Russia, it can only be found among breeders or fans of exotic varieties.
Fruiting occurs at the end of August. The shape is spherical, they are slightly elongated. Fruits are bright yellow in color, with a possible pinkish-orange blush on the side facing the sun. Weight - 45 g. They are stored without a refrigerator for 5 days. Very tasty and fragrant, the flesh is tender, melting.
High disease resistance. Withstands moderate frosts. Prefers southern regions with a subtropical climate. Minus - poor separability of the seeds from the pulp.
Leah
The variety is quite old, with small fruits, cultivated since the beginning of the 20th century. Ripening - in late August or early September. The first crop is in the 3rd year after planting. The peak yield is from 10 years. The average yield is 15 kg per tree. Pollinators - Greengage Lenya, Skorospelka.
The weight of the plums is 12 g. The color is golden yellow, on the skin there are many dots. The pulp is friable, yellow, sweet-sour. Fruits are stored for a long time under favorable conditions - up to 25 days. The fruits ripen en masse.
High resistance to various diseases. The variety infects black cancer and gum disease. Cons - it is difficult to extract bones, low winter hardiness. At very low temperatures, the tree can get severe frostbite. The tree has been living for 25 years.
How to grow plum greengage?
It is recommended to plant Greencod seedlings in the spring, before buds open. Site Requirements:
- loose and fertile soil with a neutral reaction;
- good sun exposure;
- location on a hill;
- low occurrence of groundwater;
- protection against gusty winds and drafts;
- there should not be cherry plum, thorns and Chinese plums nearby.
Landing algorithms
Planting pit for spring planting is prepared in the fall. The depth of the pit is 60 cm, the width is 80 cm. The fertile soil is laid to the side. Then, a soil mixture is prepared from the fertile layer and fertilizers.
The composition of the soil mixture for one tree:
- fertile soil;
- humus - 2 buckets;
- superphosphate - 50 g;
- potassium sulphide - 30 g.
The mixture is poured into the pit and covered with waterproof material. If the pit is not prepared in the fall, this is a minus, but not critical - you can perform these works in the spring, a couple of weeks before planting. When preparing the pits in the spring, the soil is not so nutritious.
Step-by-step instructions for planting seedlings:
- Put 2 pegs in the pit - for support.
- Lower the tree into the pit - so that its root neck is 6-7 cm higher than the ground level.
- Covering the roots of the seedling with earth, it is shaken from time to time - so that there are no voids between the roots.
- They crush the ground, and near the trunk make a recess with a small earthen roller, which prevents the water from leaving.
- Tie the sapling to the stakes with soft material - so as not to damage the trunk of the sapling.
- Abundantly watered. Norm - 30-40 liters.
Watering and feeding
The greengage does not respond well to excessive humidity - moderation is needed. During the season, the tree is watered 5-6 times. Use the settled warm water. The rate of watering depends on the age of the tree - from 3-4 to 8-10 buckets. The soil after irrigation is loosened, basal shoots are removed several times during the summer.
Feed the tree begin only in the 3rd year. How to feed:
- Before flowering, a mixture of ammonium nitrate is introduced - 25 g, potassium salt - 40 g, mineral fertilizers - 300 g.
- During flowering, a urea solution is poured - 20 g per 10 liters of water.
- After flowering, make diluted mullein and superphosphate - 50 g.
- After ripening the plums, the tree is watered with urea (4 tbsp. L.) And nitrophos (6 tbsp. L.) - they are dissolved in water (20 l).
- In June, urea is 1%.
- In the fall, when digging, manure is introduced - 15 kg, superphosphate - 150 g, ammonium nitrate - 50 g. Also superphosphate - 160 g is added to the soil, and sulfuric potassium - 110 g dissolved in 20 l of water.
Crown shaping and sanitary pruning
It is better to deal with pruning greenbacks in spring - before the leaves appear. Conduct sanitary pruning. Greenbacks are also recommended summer - in early June. During this period, pinch young shoots, thickening the crown.
Pruning Greengrove plum with age:
- The first year. The formation of a spherical crown. 10 skeletal branches are identified. Between them should be approximately equal intervals, and the angle of departure from the trunk - 45 degrees.
- The second year. Trimming growths up to 25 cm.
- The third year. Shortening of shoots growing from skeletal branches and the main conductor to a length of 30 cm. The rest of the growth is cut to 15 cm.
- Fourth year. By this time, the crown has already been formed. It remains to carry out sanitary pruning and monitor the crown - to prevent its thickening.
Pruning is carried out with a sharpened and disinfected tool - secateurs, a garden saw, a knife. All sections are processed - garden var or hydrated lime is suitable.
Tree wintering
Young seedlings need warming, they are covered with lapnik, hay or paper material in anticipation of winter. Mature trees cost a whitewash. It is also recommended to pour a layer of humus or sawdust into the trunk circle. The minimum layer thickness is 10 mm. To protect against rodents, the tree trunk is wrapped with a metal mesh with small cells.
In regions with severe winters, Greenclod needs to be sheltered. At the tree, branches are tied, and then wrapped with breathable fabric. The trunk is wrapped with breathable material, and then with a metal mesh.
Pest and Disease Control
Greengage is often affected by fungal infections. To protect trees from infection, they are regularly treated with copper-containing preparations:
- HOM;
- Bordeaux liquid;
- copper sulfate.
Plum is processed three times per season:
- early spring;
- during the formation of buds;
- after flowering.
With severe damage, the number of sprayings increases. Prevention will help reduce the risk of infection:
- Autumn digging of soil in the near-stem circle;
- Dispose of fallen leaves in time;
- set hunting belts - for insects;
- regularly thin out the crown.
Common diseases of the plum greenhouse and control measures:
Pest | What is the harm? | What to do? |
Plodozhora plum | Caterpillars gnaw passages in green shoots and eat plum flesh. | After flowering, they are sprayed with saturated salt solution - 0.5 kg is dissolved in 10 l. After harvesting, the tree is sprayed with 10% benzophosphate. |
Plum aphid (reed) | Suck juices from leaves and young shoots. | Cut the shoots, on which there are many aphids, and destroy them. Sprayed with a soap solution - 60 g of laundry soap are put on 10 l of water. They are treated with chemical insecticides - before flowering and after flowering. |
Plum moth | Entangles fruits and leaves with cobwebs. They dry, deteriorate and crumble. | Spray with Chlorophos. |
Plum sawfly | Larvae, hatched from eggs, eat out the flesh of the ovaries. Affected by the larvae of the plums fall without ripening. | They are sprayed with insecticides before and after flowering - Metaphos 10%, Karbofos, Fufanon, Mospilan. |
Find more information about plum diseases and their treatment here.
Common diseases of the plum greenhouse and control measures:
Disease | Symptoms | How to treat? |
Moniliosis | Fungal disease that causes rot of the fruit. accompanied by withering inflorescences. On the leaves there are brown spots, the fruits are covered with white rot. | The tree is sprayed with Horus 3%, they also cultivate the soil in the near-stem circle. |
Gum detection | The bark becomes thin, an amber-colored sticky liquid flows from it. | The resulting gum is removed, the affected area is cleaned with a knife, and then treated with garden var. |
Features of the propagation of Greengods
Runclod plum can be propagated by any of the following methods:
- The seeds. Usually this option is used for growing stocks. Large and healthy fruits are selected. Bones are washed and removed, which are soaked in water for 4 days. Water is regularly changed, and the bones are stirred. Then they are taken out, dried and put in a glass jar.
When the planting time comes, the bones are mixed with moistened sand / sawdust and left for 180 days. Temperature - from +1 to +10 degrees. Having grown seedlings, seedlings are transplanted into open ground. - Vaccinated. The procedure is carried out during the period of active vegetation. Suitable time is April-May or July-August. The vaccine is performed over the bark or in the split.
- Root shoot. In the fall, the root connecting the mother plant with the appendix is cut. In spring, the shoots are removed along with the roots to transplant to a permanent place.
- Root cuttings. Propagation scheme by cuttings:
- They dig out the roots of a young tree, retreating 1 m from the trunk, in adult trees - 1.5 m.
- The length of the excavated roots is 15 cm, the width is 1.5 cm.
- Cuttings dug in the fall will be stored in trenches until spring — their depth is 50 cm. They are covered with peat and sand from above. Or store cuttings in the basement, under a layer of sawdust.
- In April, the soil is prepared by mixing peat with sand (1: 3).
- Cuttings are planted in the prepared soil at an angle. Top is covered with a film.
- The tops of the cuttings are buried by 2 cm and sprinkled with peat or sawdust.
- Until shoots appear, cuttings protect from the sun and moisturize.
- If several shoots appear at once, then choose the one that is stronger.
- During the season, the plant is fed with nitrogen fertilizers 3-4 times.
- In winter, the shoots are carried away into a warm room, trees growing to 1-1.5 m by spring will be ready - you can plant them in a permanent place.
Reviews from experienced gardeners
Gennady T., Taganrog. I’m growing on the Greengrood Early plot. This plum is large-fruited and tasty, but few fruits. Very beautiful - excellent presentation. But, if you sell plums somewhere, then you need to collect them unripe. Recently planted Altana, has already taken two crops - the fruits are stunningly beautiful, is successful in the market. But still, my favorite plums are Hungarians, they are easier to implement, they are lightweight, transportable, twice as sweet as greenbacks.
Leonid R., Belgorod Region I grow many varieties of plums - they take up little space, require minimum maintenance, and a crop of 30 kg or more per tree. One of my favorite varieties is the Greengage Soviet. Its fruits have a special taste - sweet, with a touch of honey. Minus - late ripening and the need for pollinators.
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Greengage plum grows and bears fruit without problems in areas with mild winters, but thanks to frost-resistant varieties, plums with “marmalade” pulp can also be grown in central regions.
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