Cherry Turgenevka is valued by gardeners for its high yield and frost resistance. Knowing the characteristics of the variety and the technological aspects will help grow a healthy strong cherry orchard.
Breeding history
The Turgenevka cherry variety was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops. Scientists took cherry Zhukovskaya as a basis, which was distinguished by high taste quality of fruits, but was not winter-hardy.
From the selected seedlings of Zhukovskaya cherries, using the method of free pollination, a variety resistant to disease and frost was obtained. The new variety is zoned in the Central and Southern regions.
Variety Turgenevka entered in the State Register of selection achievements of the Russian Federation
Grade description
Externally, the tree resembles a pyramid, 3-3.5 m high, located apex down. Crown of medium density raises straight shoots with cone-shaped deflected buds. Leaves are dark green in color, narrow-oval with a strongly pointed nose and double-serrated serration along the edges.
There are 4 flowers in the inflorescence, the open corollas of which reach a diameter of 24 mm and are tightly in contact. The flower has a cup-shaped cup shape and a strong serration of the sepals.
Fruits are large, broadly heart-shaped, dark red in color, weighing 5 g. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, dark red in color, with an easily separable stone.
Main characteristics
Breeders managed to create a variety that meets most of the requirements of gardeners. Resistance to natural conditions, ease of care, early ripening and good yield ensured the wide distribution of Turgenevka cherry.
Drought resistance and winter hardiness
Cherry variety Turgenevka is moderately drought tolerant. In hot weather, trees require periodic watering. During the flowering period, special attention should be paid to watering - at least 15 liters of water per plant.
Winter hardiness of trees is high. Spring frosts and sudden temperature changes reduce the volume of the future harvest.
Pollination
Cherry Turgenevka is partially self-fertile, but for a better harvest, it is recommended to plant inter-pollinated varieties next to it:
- Favorite;
- Youth;
- Lyubskaya;
- Melitopol joy.
Flowering and ripening periods
In the Central region of the Russian Federation, Turgenevka cherry ripens one of the first:
- flowering on May 12-15;
- fruit ripening July 5-15.
Productivity and fruiting
The trees enter the fruiting period 4-5 years after planting. The variety gives regular and high yields:
- from a young tree - 10-12 kg;
- with adult cherries - 20-25 kg.
Berries use area
The fruits are used fresh, they are processed into juice, compotes, wine, tinctures, syrups, liqueurs, fruit drinks and jam are prepared.
Ripe cherries contain:
- sugar 11.17%;
- acids 1.51%;
- dry soluble substances 16.2%.
Tasters rate the sweetness of fresh berries at 3.7 points on a 5-point scale.
Disease and pest resistance
Turgenevka is resistant to disease, but if it is a prolonged cold and rainy season, it can undergo fungal diseases (coccomycosis and moniliosis).
Advantages and disadvantages of cherry Turgenevka
The main advantages of the variety:
- large fruits;
- high productivity;
- frost resistance.
Cons of the variety:
- the level of winter hardiness of flower buds does not withstand frosts below -35 ° С;
- if the crop is harvested prematurely, then the berries will not gain sweetness.
Features of planting and care
The process of planting Turgenevka cherries and further caring for the tree do not require special skills. Compliance with simple agricultural technology will allow you to get a large crop of delicious and juicy berries.
Timing
In areas with cold winters, spring planting is used. The seedling gets more time to adapt to new conditions before the onset of winter.
It is recommended to plant cherries in the spring between April 20 and May 20. Gardeners in the southern regions can plant cherries from April 10 to May 10.
Planting Turgenevka in the fall is recommended in the second half of September, but no later than October 10. Cherry planting is best done on a cloudy day.
Choosing a place and soil
It is better to plant cherries in a sunny, protected from drafts place. Sandy loam, neutral in acidity soils are ideal. It is desirable that the groundwater level lies at a depth of 1.5 m.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby?
Can be planted next to Turgenevka cherries:
- grapes;
- mountain ash;
- hawthorn;
- sweet cherries;
- honeysuckle;
- elderberry.
Bad "neighbors" will be:
- Apple tree;
- pear;
- apricot;
- raspberry;
- currant;
- sea buckthorn.
You can not plant plants near Turgenevka, whose crowns create a shadow, and the roots pull a lot of useful substances from the soil.
Preparing planting material
The seedling variety can only be determined when the tree shows itself in full growth. Therefore, it is better to buy planting material from nurseries or other proven places.
Features of the choice of cherry seedlings:
- Young trees should be 100-120 cm high.
- The root system is 20-30 cm in diameter.
- If the roots are completely dry, the cut on the skin is dark, it is better to choose another copy.
- If green fibers and wet tissues are visible at the cut site, this indicates its viability.
Proper preparation of trees is required before planting:
- Soak the root of the seedling in water the day before planting. This activates biological processes.
- After a day, remove the seedling from the water and examine the roots. If you find damaged parts, cut them with a pruner.
Landing
Cherry planting begins to prepare for a few weeks. Pre-ground work is carried out, stakes are harvested, and fertilizers are stored.
The planting process of Turgenevka is very simple to perform:
- 2-3 weeks before planting, make a planting hole 85 cm wide and 45 cm deep.
- Mix the soil pulled out of the pit with:
- humus (1 bucket);
- superphosphate (200 g);
- potassium fertilizer (50 g);
- wood ash (400 g).
- If the soil is acidic, add 200 g of limestone. If the clay is a bucket of river sand.
- Return the mixture to the pit to make a mound.
- On the day of planting, place a seedling on a mound and sprinkle it with earth. Compact the earth and leave the root collar above the surface.
- Form an earthen roller along the edges of the trunk circle so that water does not flow.
- Water the tree, mulch the hole.
- Tie the seedling to a peg.
Care Features
To cherry Turgenevka brought a good harvest, it is enough to pay attention to watering, regularly fertilize and do not forget to prune in a timely manner.
Watering
Cherry Turgenevka does not like waterlogging and prolonged drought. Maintain a constant level of soil moisture for young seedlings - 10-15 liters of water per plant. For mature trees, irrigate periodically during the dry season - 30-60 liters of water.
The roots grow faster than the crown, so direct the water along the edges of the trunk circle.
Weeding
Free the trunk tree regularly from foreign plants and make sure that no crust appears on the surface of the earth, as it prevents oxygen from entering the soil.
Weeds compete for water and food and carry disease.
Fertilizers
To maintain soil fertility and provide plants with nutrients, carry out periodic feeding. For seedlings and adult trees, use different nutrient application schemes.
Fertilization of young seedlings:
- In mid-April, carry out foliar top dressing with urea (urea). Dissolve 20 g of urea in 10 liters of water and spray the crown.
- After flowering, apply foliar dressing with Ideal. Dissolve 5 ml of liquid in 1 liter of water and spray until the seedling is completely wetted.
- In September, add autumn root dressing. Per 1 cubic meter m trunk circle 3 tbsp. l. superphosphate, 1.5 tbsp. potassium chloride.
Fertilizing mature trees:
- Do spring root dressing in mid-April. Take ammonium nitrate at the rate of 20-30 g per 1 cu. m of the trunk circle and fill it with a bucket of water.
- After flowering, apply foliar dressing with Ideal in the same way as for seedlings. Spray the crown until completely wetted. For dosages, see the instructions for the drug.
- After flowering, apply root dressing with Yagodka. Dissolve 20-30 g of the product in 10 liters of water.
- After fruiting, apply summer root dressing. Prepare a mixture of 3 tbsp. superphosphate and 2 tbsp. potassium chloride. Dilute in 10 liters of water. One adult tree will need 35 liters of ready-made mixture.
- In September, add autumn root dressing: 3 kg of compost, 3 tbsp. potassium chloride, 10 liters of water.
Pruning
In early spring, the first pruning of the seedling is carried out in order to lay the formation of a sparse-tiered crown. Fresh wounds are treated with garden var.
Pruning of adult trees is done in the spring to form a crown. With the help of summer pruning, dry shoots are removed. They also make sure to remove root growth.
Winter preparations
Prepare the tree for wintering in the fall:
- Dig the soil of the trunk circle to a shallow depth.
- Mulch the trunk circle with a layer of peat mixed with sawdust.
- After the leaves fall, carry out water-charging irrigation. Give a young tree 8 liters of water, an adult - 15 liters. A moistened root system hibernates more easily.
- Wrap the trunks and main branches with burlap or paper. This will protect from frost and rodents.
Protection against diseases and pests
A daily inspection of the trees will help to notice the appearance of diseases or pests in time. Timely measures taken will ensure the tree continues normal vegetation.
Preventative treatment
At the budding stage, spray the cherries with the Bordeaux mixture as a preventive measure. You can buy a finished composition or cook it yourself.
How to make 1% Bordeaux mixture:
- Dissolve 100 g of copper sulfate in 1 liter of water, mix thoroughly and bring the volume to 5 liters with cold water.
- In another container, dissolve 100 g of lime in 1 liter of warm water, stir and bring the volume to 5 liters with cold water, strain.
- Add copper sulfate to the filtered milk of lime and mix well, immediately use the composition (do not store).
Disease protection
Cherry Turgenevka is resistant to disease. But under adverse conditions there is a risk of developing dangerous diseases:
Disease | Signs | Appearance time | Treatment tool |
---|---|---|---|
Gum therapy | On the trunks a thick translucent liquid | All season | Strip affected tissue to healthy wood and treat with 3% solution of iron sulfate |
Rust | Rust stains on the leaves | All season | Spray with Hom (40 g per 10 l of water, 2-5 l of solution per tree) |
Fruit rot | Rotting stain with white or creamy bumps | June July | Collect and destroy the affected fruits, spray in the early spring and late autumn with 1% Bordeaux mixture |
Coccomycosis | Brown spots on the outside of the leaves, yellowing of the leaves | All season | Treat with Oxychom (20 g per 10 l of water) 3-4 times with an interval of 2 weeks |
Moniliosis | Drying of leaves, flowers and fruits, death of shoots | All season | Sprinkle with Skor (2 ml per 10 l of water), cut the affected shoots and 15 cm of the healthy part and burn immediately |
Clasterosporium disease | Large spots on leaves where holes form | All season | Spray with Ridomil (10 g per 4 l of water), Fitosporin (15 ml per 10 l of water) 3-4 times with an interval of 2 weeks |
Pest control
Regular inspection of trees will help detect the appearance of pests in time. Urgent processing will minimize the harm done:
Pest | What does it look like? | When is it manifested? | How can I help you? |
---|---|---|---|
Cherry aphid | Leaves curl at the tops of the shoots | May June | Spray with Fufanon (10 ml per 10 l of water) |
Cherry fly | Black dots appear on the fruit, then they begin to rot. | May June | Spray with Actellic (2 ml in 2 l of water) |
Cherry slimy sawfly | Larvae resembling leeches are visible on the leaves. | June August | Spray with Confidor (1 ml per 10 l of water) |
Cherry shoot moth | Young leaves and buds are damaged | All season | Spray with Karbofos (60 g per 8 l of water) |
Yellow plum sawfly | A small black insect appears on cherry blossoms | May June | Spray with Confidor (1 ml per 10 l of water) |
Winter moth | The leaves are covered with cobwebs | September October | Spray with Confidor (1 ml per 10 l of water), cobwebs and nests, together with pests, are collected and destroyed |
Harvesting
Harvesting ripe berries is carried out in the morning in dry weather from June 5 to June 15. It is better to tear off the fetus with the peduncle. If the cherries have not reached full ripeness, they are not yet sweet, and the overripe ones quickly crumble to the ground.
Harvest can be stored in a basket or sieve at a temperature of 0 ° C to -1 ° C and a relative humidity of 90-95% for 15 days. In hermetically sealed plastic bags, the crop lasts up to 1.5 months, and in the freezer even longer.
Cherry varieties Turgenevka are respected by gardeners in Central and South Russia. Abundant harvests and winter hardiness are valuable varietal benefits and protect farm labor from the vagaries of changeable weather.