The nature of the Kola Peninsula is original and inimitable - this is recognized by everyone who has been there. More often, mushrooms in Murmansk do not grow in forests, but in the tundra or rocky steppes.
Edible mushrooms in Murmansk
General characteristics
Mushrooms do not belong to either the plant or the animal world - they form their own, separate kingdom, which includes, according to various estimates, more than 100,000 species today. They contain a huge amount of vitamins, trace elements and minerals:
- vitamins A, F, B, D and PP;
- sulfur;
- potassium;
- phosphorus;
- zinc;
- copper.
Their protein content reaches 5%. This is more than chicken and eggs.
Enzymes in mushrooms allow these products to be used in various areas of human life:
- in clarifying juices;
- in the processing of paper waste;
- for enrichment of roughage;
- in the manufacture of soy sauces.
They do not contain chlorophyll and green plastids, which contain chloroplasts. Due to this, the process of photosynthesis is not available to fungi. These are heterotrophic organisms and they participate in the cycle of substances and energy in the biosphere, as its integral part. They lead a parasitic, saprophytic or symbiotic lifestyle. Only a few (few) species of fungi live in the water, the rest prefer to breed on land.
Their high water content improves the digestibility of mushrooms when ingested.
Types of mushrooms in the region
On the Kola Peninsula in the Murmansk region, there are different types of mushrooms that are characteristic of central Russia. The most popular are:
- boletus (white);
- boletus (redheads);
- boletus (boletus);
- moss;
- morels;
- milk mushrooms;
- serushki;
- bitters;
- russula;
- chanterelles.
White (boletus) are not frequent guests in these places, because they prefer to grow in the shade of trees. But still they are found closer to the mouth of the Voronya River. They are good for both drying and frying.
Aspen boletuses are popularly called redheads because of the bright and beautiful color of their hats. They have taken root well on the rocky soil of the peninsula and are found throughout its territory. The climate of the peninsula changes the appearance of this mushroom. Over time, its surface becomes similar to the shell of a turtle. In the sun and wind, the cap becomes covered with small cracks. Pests rarely infect this type of mushroom. It works well for drying or freezing. Aspen mushrooms rarely grow alone, more often found in small groups.
Boletus in the Murmansk region have a slippery cap, which makes them unattractive. They are not considered valuable by mushroom pickers who prefer to collect them for pickling.
Flywheels love to eat worms and midges, so you should carefully examine the collected specimens and discard spoiled ones on the spot. It is better to make soups from their mushrooms, they give the dish a unique aroma.
Boletus in forests are rare
The mushrooms do not bear fruit every year. This mushroom is quite rare on the peninsula.
Wet soil near streams or rivers promotes good reproduction of pink waves. And far from moisture, on rocky ledges, mountain whites gather - another type of waves known to us.
Bitters and smoothies grow until the very cold near the highway or paths. It is good to marinate or salt them.
The most common are russula. Every year, local residents harvest large crops and use them for conservation.
Collection points
In order to get more mushrooms, aspen and boletus, it is better to go towards Oktyabrsky, crossing the bridge over the Umbra River.
Lamellar and white species grow on Tulok. One gets there by boat.
Many boletus are found along the Leningradka highway every year.
On the hills behind Ekostrovsky near the highway, you can get a good harvest of russula.
The road to Koashva is full of boletus and boletus boletus. There is also a pine forest and a lot of bushes with berries, which can be a good idea to diversify your family's winter menu.
Closer to the village Dalnie Zelentsy there are milk mushrooms of all kinds: yellow, black and white.
Inedible species
On the territory of the region, there are also unsuitable for food species, which include, for example:
- fly agaric;
- death cap;
- the chanterelle is false;
- false mushrooms.
Amanita and toadstools cause severe poisoning that can lead to death.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
We are used to thinking that poisonous or simply dangerous mushrooms can be distinguished by their smell from the edible representatives of the Mushroom Kingdom. But the fly agaric is an extremely rare exception among all known poisonous species - it has a pleasant aroma and a rather attractive taste. And if you also take into account that during the rains, white flakes can easily be washed off his hat, making him recognizable, then a problem arises for inexperienced mushroom pickers and children, whom parents often take to the forest for a walk. Therefore, it is worthwhile to conduct a preventive conversation with the children about the fact that nothing in the forest, even a very pleasant smell, cannot be taken in your mouth. And novice "quiet hunters" need to take on board not only an atlas with a photo of mushrooms, but also the rule: "I'm not sure about the edibility of a mushroom - pass by, if you don't recognize the mushroom - pass by."
If mushroom poisoning occurs, an urgent need to consult a doctor. It is important that the victim does not move much himself. First of all, he needs to cleanse the stomach by causing vomiting. After that, you need to put the person on the bed. To avoid dehydration, give (one option):
- drink cold salted water (1 tsp per glass of water);
- strong tea;
- coffee;
- milk with honey.
Attention! Drinking alcoholic beverages is strictly prohibited: on the contrary, alcohol will help toxins quickly spread throughout the body. The remains of the mushrooms that caused the poisoning must be preserved for research.
Protected mushrooms of the Murmansk region
On the territory of the region, there are species listed in the regional Red Book, editions of 2003:
- coral hair man;
- purple varnish;
- the chanterelle is real;
- the cobweb is purple;
- white aspen;
- clavariadelphus (horned) pistil;
- claviadelfus (horned) truncated;
These are rare, endangered species, for the collection or destruction of which in their natural habitats, there is a heavy penalty.
In 2014, the second edition of the Red Book of the Murmansk Region was published. It already included 18 species of mushrooms: 1 species - White Aspen - excluded. 12 of them are new:
- clavicorona yew;
- dichomitus dirty;
- elmerina hazel;
- flaviporus lemon yellow;
- yunghuniya crumpled;
- leptoporus is soft;
- elongated microstomy;
- winter post;
- postia peach-red;
- spherical sarcosoma;
- the sidera is tender;
- lilac skeletokutis.
But in the additional list in the appendix to the Red Book there are 5 more species of mushrooms that need protection.
The remaining 6 species included in the first edition of the Red Book were included in the second edition.
Benefit and harm
Forest mushrooms have a number of positive properties. They are nutritious and at the same time low in calories due to their high water content. Therefore, they are useful in dietary nutrition. The presence of vitamins in them strengthens the immune system and increases resistance to viruses.
Some types of mushrooms are used for medical and pharmacological purposes to create new medicines. A number of mushrooms have been used for a long time and successfully in alternative - traditional medicine. However, one should not forget that the beginning of the use of any drug, especially one obtained independently on the basis of natural raw materials, it is necessary to consult with your attending physician. These funds cannot be the main ones in the treatment of diseases. They are complementary therapies.
VLOG / Mushrooms / Murmansk / Collected in heavy rain
MURMANSK. FOR MUSHROOMS IN THE SOFT. 09/15/2018
Mushrooms in Murmansk (outside the city).
To increase the productivity of plants, a substance obtained from Fusarium is used in the national economy.
But mushrooms are also harmful. Their bodies work like natural sponges and absorb various toxins released during industrial and agricultural production from the environment. In some cases, radioactive isotopes also enter the environment. Therefore, you should not collect forest organisms near settlements, industrial zones, agricultural concerns, landfills and roads.
Spores of fungi are able to penetrate into the most inaccessible places and destroy wood, sleepers, and reduce productivity. In damp rooms, mushrooms spoil the surface of the walls, infect food.
Conclusion
The mushroom world amazes the human mind with its diversity and uniqueness of qualities. It has not yet been fully studied by science. Even in the harsh climate of the Murmansk region, some types of mushrooms thrive.