Mushrooms in the Vologda region have a number of different species. The analysis of the peculiarities of their growth in the territories of the region makes it possible to collect rich mushroom crops in any of the seasons.
Mushrooms in the Vologda region
Types of mushrooms in the area
The territory of the Vologda Oblast is rich in various mushrooms. The most valued among them:
White mushroom
Hat:
- Brown color;
- size in diameter - 7-30 cm;
- the surface is smooth, in wet weather it can be slightly slimy.
Leg:
- thin, up to 7 cm in diameter;
- low - up to 8-12 cm.
Pulp:
- white;
- dense in structure;
- with a constant color during the period of technical and biological ripeness.
Boletus
Hat:
- the color is bright orange;
- rough surface;
- size - up to 12 cm.
Leg:
- diameter - up to 2 cm;
- height - up to 7-11 cm.
Pulp:
- color white-yellow;
- the structure is dense.
The species included in the concept of "aspen" grow on the territory of forests. They prefer the neighborhood with aspens.
Boletus
Hat:
- color - from light yellow to dark brown, depending on ripeness;
- size in diameter - 7-10 cm;
- the surface is rough, scaly.
Leg:
- thick - up to 5-7 cm;
- low - up to 7-9 cm.
Pulp:
- white;
- dense in structure;
- the color remains unchanged during the period of technical and biological ripeness.
Boletus is a mushroom that grows under birch trees, but it is more common on hills, light edges, in deciduous forests.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
Boletus and boletus boletus, united by the common name "obabki", are characterized by a number of similarities, as a result of which mushroom pickers often do not distinguish them as separate species. The main thing for lovers of "quiet hunting" is that mushrooms are tasty and edible. Although it doesn't hurt to know the features, especially when you consider that they are different, the so-called. ecological characteristics that tell about the habitat of a particular species and the time of fruiting.
So, in order not to confuse boletus and boletus boletus, it is important to remember that only for boletus boletus the flesh turns blue on the cut. But for both, when dried, the pulp practically turns black, in contrast to the porcini mushroom.
These fungi are mycorrhiza-forming fungi that form a fungus root with certain species of woody plants, which allows them both to benefit from this coexistence.
Other types of mushrooms
Honey mushrooms are universal in use
In addition to the main species, this territory also contains:
- Milk white and black: the cap, depending on the species, has a muted yellow or dark brown color, the stem is thin, in the shape of a cylinder, whitish-yellow in color.
- Ryzhik: mushrooms of this group have small caps of bright color: from orange to brownish red. The leg is barrel-shaped or cylindrical, extended upward.
- Chanterelles: these are short mushrooms with bright orange caps. The characteristic of the appearance depends on the area of growth.
- Honey mushrooms: they are used for pickling, frying, pickling.
- Morels: These are seemingly porous mushrooms with a brownish cap that looks like a processed loofah. It rests on a light leg.
- Lines: the mushroom cap resembles the surface of the brain or the core of a walnut, brown, up to 15 cm in diameter. It is as if glued to the base of the leg, the length of which is 5 cm, the color is grayish. The flesh of the mushroom is fragile, it contains the toxin gyromitrin.
- Russula: It is a common edible mushroom that grows in deciduous and coniferous forests.
Seasonality of growth
Seasonal growth of mushrooms is observed in the Vologda Oblast. There are 3 seasons:
- Spring: it runs from early May to June. At this time, growing morels and lines can be collected on the territory of the region.
- Summer: lasts all July. During this period, the favorites of all mushroom pickers are porcini mushrooms, boletus.
- Autumn: begins in August and lasts until the end of October, all mushrooms are found.
Species listed in the Red Book
A number of mushroom species grow in the Vologda region, which are listed in the Red Book, both regional and the Russian Federation. These include, for example:
- colorful umbrella mushroom;
- umbrella tinder fungus;
- pistil clavariadelphus;
- conical cap;
- curly griffin;
- pycnoporellus shining;
- eocronartium moholy;
- bristly-belted punctuaries;
- the cobweb is purple;
- gray-haired entoloma;
- chlorenzolia is changeable;
- coral hair man;
- rigidoporus saffron yellow;
- russula golden;
- russula azure;
- swamp marasmius;
- umber rogue;
- Rommel's rogues;
- horn-shaped funnel.
They cannot be collected, they are on the verge of extinction.
Growing difficulties
Mushroom yield depends on weather conditions
Last year, there were difficulties with the growth of mushrooms near the Dikaya station of the Vologda region: summer and autumn were rainy. As a result, mushroom pickers found small quantities of chanterelles and russules there.
Factors negatively affecting the growth of fungi: oversaturation of the soil with moisture, lack of stable heat.
At the end of June, spikelets grow, the second wave falls on the period from mid-August to mid-September.
Mushroom growth map in the area
In the Vologda region, it will be possible to find mushrooms and berries in the following areas:
- Sokolsky: pigs, chanterelles, honey agarics, russula, champignons appear in the forests.
- Nyukensky: here grow buttermilk (boletus), boletus, boletus, porcini mushrooms, russula, mushrooms, milk mushrooms.
- Syamzhensky, Babushkinsky, Kaduysky, Mesopotamia: in these areas, porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms, volnushki are actively collected. The area is also rich in lingonberry berries.
A particularly valuable species for any mushroom picker, no matter whether he is a beginner or already a pro, is a porcini mushroom.
Mushrooms in Markovo
The regional map allows you to find out that the places around the Markovo recreation center are considered mushrooms. If it rained in spring and summer, the mushrooms will grow quickly, and it will be possible to harvest a large harvest here.
Mushroom sites are concentrated around the village of Markovo itself. Here you can find white, boletus, mushrooms, mushrooms.
Harvesting and using the crop
If you want to make supplies for the winter, you should go to pick the mushroom harvest in late August-September. This is the best time for mushroom growth. The map of mushroom sites in the Vologda Oblast is extensive.
The harvest of mushrooms is subject to various processing: they are pickled, salted, dried, fried, some mushroom pickers are sold for production.
Mushroom hunting will take place and will bring only joyful impressions if you adhere to the collection rules:
- it is carried out in the early morning (from 5-6 hours);
- you cannot collect old and overgrown specimens;
- it is forbidden to pick mushrooms along busy highways (motorways, railways), near industrial enterprises, because mushrooms are natural sponges, or, as they say, bioaccumulators, capable of absorbing harmful and toxic substances from the environment and accumulating them in their bodies;
- mushrooms are subject to processing and additional verification: sometimes a poisonous specimen gets into the basket;
- mushrooms are placed in the basket with their caps down for better preservation.
Mushrooms of the Vologda region
Mushrooms in the Vologda region, August 2019. White, boletus, chanterelles.
Conclusion
The description of the mushrooms of the Vologda Oblast is extensive. It will be possible to collect a variety of species in many parts of the terrain of this area. Studying the characteristics of the species, their growth and the rules for collecting will allow making mushroom stocks for the winter for the whole family.