The peak of mushroom productivity in the Volgograd region is observed in September. Fungi of this region are localized in forests located near little-known water bodies. Mushroom sites in the Volgograd region are preserved by artificially maintaining the integrity of forests.
Growing mushrooms in the Volgograd region
Description of the mushroom site
More than 400 hectares of the total area of primeval natural forests are occupied by mushroom sites in the Volgograd region. Most pine and mixed forests are located on the banks of the Volga, Don and Khor rivers.
Mushroom pickers of the Volgograd region have the opportunity to collect not only an amazing forest product, but also rare types of berries in the Volga-Akhtubinskaya floodplain. For 60 years, activities on artificial green construction of territories were carried out here, which gave a significant positive result.
The mushroom places of the Volgograd region are marked on the mushroom map.
- Tsimlyansk reservoir. Pine and mixed forests with well-moistened soils are located here.
- Volga-Akhtubinskaya floodplain.
- Islets Golodny, Sarpinsky, Money, located on the Volga River.
- Fields stretching along the Volgograd reservoir.
Time of appearance of mushrooms
Mushrooms grow in the Volgograd region mainly in the autumn. In spring and summer, they are practically absent due to the peculiarities of this climatic zone. The climate in the Volgograd region is dry. Permanent dry winds destroy field plantings and mushrooms.
Due to artificial plantations, people have the opportunity to pick mushrooms from May to October and preserve the harvest in meadows and vegetable gardens.
Gathering mushrooms in the Volgograd region should be done with great care. A dry, sultry wind blowing moisture from the soil and carrying toxic substances, exhaust gases can make even an edible mushroom poisonous. This is due to the ability of the mycelium to accumulate toxins, therefore, after the first rains, some of the edible mushrooms are as poisonous as pale toadstools and fly agarics.
Description of the region's mushrooms
Spring species - chanterelles, dung beetles, boletus.
The types of summer mushrooms in the Volgograd region are white mushrooms, champignons, boletus, giant raincoat, milk mushrooms, mushrooms.
Edible mushrooms in the Volgograd region - ryadovki, honey agarics, greenfinches.
Chanterelles
These mushrooms grow in the Volgograd region in the May grass. They are easy to distinguish by the bright color of the cap. The main advantage, in addition to good taste, is its high resistance to worminess.
Type description:
- the cap is large, funnel-shaped, of an orange-brown shade: its diameter is 10-15 cm;
- the leg is compacted, without cavities, smoothly turning into the cap;
- the pulp is fleshy, dense, has a pleasant aroma, as if two-colored: at the edges - yellowish, and in the center - white.
Chanterelles have excellent taste
The chanterelle has a double: a false chanterelle, which is a conditionally edible mushroom and causes poisoning.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
False chanterelle, or orange talker for a long time belonged to poisonous mushrooms. Then she was "assigned" to the category of conditionally edible mushrooms. But recently, more and more mycologists are inclined to think that this is most likely a weakly venomous species, and not edible. They associate this opinion with the fact that even after the obligatory 15 minute boiling with water draining, there are cases when a person's use of this type of talker can exacerbate gastroenteritis (inflammation of the digestive tract). Therefore, both doctors and mycologists recommend refraining from using such a "delicacy". Plus, experienced mushroom pickers claim that her taste data is extremely far from a real chanterelle.
They begin to collect the mushroom after thunderstorms with rains throughout the spring, summer and autumn periods.
Dung
Dung beetles or koprinus mushrooms are characterized by an oval-elongated cap, milky, pinkish or gray, depending on the age category. Only young specimens with a white cap are edible. Dung beetles in the Volgograd region grow near compost pits, closer to vegetable gardens. For most species, the phenomenon of autolysis is characteristic, when the cap self-destructs under the action of specific enzymes present in the cells of the fungus, and in the end a black spot remains, consisting of spore powder and liquid formed during the destruction of fungal cells.
The dense, fleshy flesh of the product has a pleasant taste when fried. The mushroom is not suitable for salting. It is harvested in May.
Boletus
Description:
- fruiting body of caps;
- the hymenophore is tubular, semi-free and free;
- the flesh is white or yellow;
- the leg is thick at the base;
- the cap is cushion-shaped, its diameter is 18-21 cm.
Mushroom picking begins at the end of May and continues until late autumn. Borovik lives in oak groves and pine forests. It is highly regarded for its taste. It belongs to the universal types in terms of use.
White
Porcini mushrooms grow in the Volgograd region in the floodplains of rivers, on the edges of pine and deciduous forests. The size of the cap of an adult specimen is 7-30 cm, its shape is convex.
In dry weather, the cap will crack. With excess moisture, it becomes covered with a small amount of mucus. The leg is thick and dense.
Champignons
Champignons grow on humus-rich soils. Unlike a number of other caps of pedunculated fungi, these are saprophytes. Found everywhere: in parks, cemeteries, meadows. The diameter of the cap varies within the range of 8-15 cm. The edges of the caps of young mushrooms are strongly curved inward, slightly leveled with age. Leg - 2-3 cm, dense, fibrous.
The pulp has a pleasant aroma, quite elastic. Its color does not change upon contact with air. Mushrooms can be harvested from May to October.
Oil
Butterlets got their name from the cap covered with oily skin. It is flat-rounded, the hymenophore is of a spongy or tubular structure, i.e. it is represented by a multitude of tubular walls that have grown together on the inside of the walls of which spores develop. The inner layer (pulp) is milky or yellow. When interacting with air, it changes color to blue or reddish.
The leg is granular, full. A protective ring is often left under the cap. The pulp is fragrant.
The fungus grows in coniferous forests.
Council. If you are going to "hunt" for oil, take gloves (preferably rubber), because the oily skin easily stains the fingers dark.
Giant raincoat
The giant raincoat is rare. It has an unusual appearance: the fruit body is round, without a stem and a cap. Only young white specimens are eaten. Those mushrooms are considered young, the pulp of which is white on the cut, i.e. no dispute has yet occurred.
Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
The spores of the giant slicker or the bighead are the most valuable medicines created by nature itself. As it turned out, they have antitumor (oncostatic) properties and from them the natural antibiotic calvacil was isolated, which showed activity against 13 types of tumors studied by medicine out of 24 known to date. In folk medicine, they were used to treat smallpox, as well as laryngitis and urticaria. Spore powder has an effect comparable to that of chloroform (a substance in the form of a colorless volatile liquid containing chlorine, which was used as anesthesia in various operations).
Brown false raincoats are poisonous. If the flesh of a white slicker has turned yellow, it is also not edible - yellowed flesh means that spores are being formed.
Milk mushrooms
Mushrooms hide under leaves
Milk mushrooms grow in all forest areas where there are birches. Milk mushrooms are mycorrhizal and form a fungal root (mycorrhiza) with birches, which, on the one hand, allows the fungus to receive organic substances that the tree produces during photosynthesis, and on the other hand, to supply this tree with water and minerals from the soil, since the mycelium (vegetative body of the fungus) performs the function of root hairs. They hide under fallen leaves, so their search is difficult. It is better to look for such mushrooms with a long stick, so that it is convenient to rake the foliage without bending constantly to the ground. The cap of the mushroom is funnel-shaped, 5-20 cm in diameter. The outer shell is milky or white, covered with a small amount of mucus. Concentric zones are barely visible.
The leg is hollow (in adults, in young people it is solid), cylindrical. Its length is 3-7 cm. The outer part is smooth. The pulp is white, fragrant, secreting white juice, which changes color to gray-yellow under the influence of air. The taste of the pulp is spicy.
Flywheels
Flywheels grow on moss-covered soils. The maturity of the mushroom is determined by the state of the cap. In mature specimens, it cracks. On cut, the pulp turns blue upon contact with air. In appearance, the mushrooms resemble boletus, only their caps are dry.
The cap is hemispherical, slightly flattened. The surface is dry, velvety. Light brown color. It becomes sticky when the humidity rises. The collection is carried out in summer and autumn.
Rows
Rows are delicious edible mushrooms. They grow underground, at a shallow depth. Mushroom caps are semicircular. In appearance, the rows resemble boletus, only of smaller sizes. They are distinguished by a pleasant aroma and high taste. Fruit bodies are arranged in rows, which gave the name to the mushroom.
The pulp of the mushroom is dense, fibrous. During frying and boiling, it retains its structure. It is used for making soups, side dishes, preparations for the winter.
Honey mushrooms
Honey mushrooms grow on fallen trees and stumps. Brown heads are planted on long thin legs. The surface structure is smooth.
Honey mushrooms have poisonous brothers - false mushrooms. They are distinguished by their smell. A true honey mushroom has a pleasant aroma, and a false one does not smell.
For your information. Honey mushrooms are a non-systematic group, i.e. this means that the name gave the place of "residence" - stumps, while mushrooms similar in appearance belong to different genera and families.
Zelenushki
By their structure and type of growth, greenfinches are similar to rowers. Their stem and cap are colored green, which is retained even during heat treatment. The structure of the pulp is dense, fibrous. The cap is flat-rounded, slightly bent towards the leg. Slightly convex in the center.
These mushrooms are harvested until late autumn. They do well after the first frost and are completely edible. They grow mainly in coniferous forests, hiding under a small layer of earth, under needles.
#For mushrooms. #Volgograd region.
Go to the meadows for mushrooms! Rows !!!
Poisonous mushrooms
Inedible mushrooms of the Volgograd region - false champignons, false mushrooms, fly agarics, toadstools.
- False champignons: poisonous mushrooms of the Volgograd region, which are the most dangerous. It is almost impossible to distinguish them. In order not to get poisoned, they carefully examine the collected mushroom. When cut, the poisonous champignon is yellow, and its flesh has an unpleasant odor.
- Amanita and toadstools: these representatives of the kingdom of Mushrooms grow everywhere. They are easy to distinguish by their bright color (fly agaric) and by a white or olive-tinted cap (grebe), and there is also a bag-shaped volva, which is not typical for edible mushrooms. Poisoning is caused by ignorance of the ripening periods of mushrooms and the rules for their use in food. For example, a tinder fungus that settles in trees is eaten only when young.
Do not collect sluggish, overgrown, shriveled specimens. Mushrooms collected from the forests are not eaten raw. Experienced mushroom pickers refuse to pick mushrooms near dumps and factories. If, after using the product, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness is observed, you should immediately go to the hospital or call an ambulance (in this case, the victim must be provided with first aid).
Conclusion
The Volgograd region is rich in forests and meadows, where various types of mushrooms and berries grow. Mushroom pickers of the Volgograd region hold annual wild hunting competitions.
Mushrooms in the Volgograd region are harvested from May to October. The main thing is to remember that:
- overgrown old mushrooms are inedible;
- mushrooms collected in places with poor ecological conditions are inedible;
- edible species have poisonous counterparts and therefore it is important to carefully examine the newly picked mushrooms;
- you must always apply the first ("golden") rule of the mushroom picker: "If you are not sure about the mushroom - pass by."